Lolium multiflorum Lam., Fl. Lolium multiflorum, a European species, now grows in most of the Flora region. Habit. They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. It is very high yielding and reliably provides up to 18t DM per hectare on soils that suit it. 1753. !Poaceae Barnhart; genus: Lolium L. Other names for this basionym: Lolium perenne subsp. Lolium ×hybridum Hausskn. Holotype of Lolium multiflorum Lam. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. [family POACEAE] Type of Lolium multiflorum Lamk var. It is genetically diverse and displays a high degree of phenotypic plasticity and these characteristics mean that is highly adaptable. excelsum Griseb. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up-to-date information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions … The plant is a low-growing, tufted, hairless grass, with a bunching (or tillering) growth habit. Ryegrass should not be confused with rye, which is a grain crop. since it belongs to the same botanical family [1]. Pertinent Common Names (particularly those used in California; go to GRIN for other common names). Lolium compositum Thuill. In this region, Italian rye grass is capable of producing a great amount of pollen. Lolium multiflorum hybridizes with Festuca pratensis to form the hybrid ×Festulolium braunii (K. Richter) A. Camus. (All ryegrasses yield less on light soils, especially in low rainfall areas.) Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day), Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours), 4a, 4b, 5b, 5a, 6b, 6a, 7b, 7a, 8a, 8b, 9b, 9a. It consists of a flowering culm with alternate leaves about 1-3' tall. Statistics are at the end of the page. 2-3 feet long narrow shiny green leaves are sharp-pointed, with a bright green, dull upper surface, deeply ridged, lower surface smooth, glossy and slightly creased, with smooth edges. It grows vigorously in winter and early spring. There is a large range of cultivars. In this context, Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum) pollen of the Poaceae family cultivated in Southern Brazil has been considered a major sensitizing agent in patients with pollinosis. Pertinent Synonyms & Notes (particularly those used in California; go to GRIN for other synonyms). Lolium temulentum: glume mostly 7–28 mm long, the body 0.75–1.5 times as tall as the column of florets, plants annual, with 2- to 10-flowered (vs. L. multiflorum, with the glume 3.5–15 mm long, the body 0.25–0.75 times as tall as the column of florets, and plants annual or perennial, with mostly 5- to 22-flowered spikelets). Family Poaceae Scientific Name Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum . Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne are interfertile and intergrade. Each fertile floret is replaced by an elongated grain. Italian ryegrass and perennial ryegrass can hybridize, result… A 6-10 inch flowering spike forms with alternate spikelets. Date of Publication 1778 publ. [13][14] Victoria. is the main winter weed of crops in Southern Brazil. Group K3/15 herbicides are known as Long chain fatty acid inhibitors (Inhibition of cell division (Inhibition of very long chain fatty acids)). Whole Plant Traits: Plant Type: Annual Turfgrass Weed Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics: Deciduous Habit/Form: Clumping Growth Rate: Rapid Family: Poaceae ⁄ Gramineae – Grass family Genus: Lolium L. – ryegrass Species: Lolium perenne L. – perennial ryegrass Subspecies: Lolium perenne L. ssp. Identifying Characteristics. L. multiflorum is a highly competitive and rapidly growing plant, capable of producing large quantities of seed. Lolium multiflorum Lam. The liguleis very short and truncated and often difficult to see, and small white auricles grip the stem at the base of the l… Wide collar … Accepted: WCSP: Lolium multiflorum Lam. Research has shown that these particular biotypes are … The leaves are dark green, smooth and glossy on the lower surface, with untoothed parallel sides and prominent parallel veins on the upper surface. Lolium multiflorum is a BIENNIAL growing to 0.3 m (1ft). It grows 2 to 3 feet tall with numerous long, narrow, stiff leaves near the base of the plant. Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Lolium multiflorum Lam. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Wind. Disclaimer: ITIS taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Hybrid Parent × Schedolium krasanii H.Scholz, Kochia 2: 51 (-52) (2007). This clump forming grass spreads by seed and has a fibrous root system. Ryegrasses are naturally diploid, with 2n=14, and are closely related to the fescues (Festuca).[5][6][7][8]. Lolium grandispi-cum Y. J. Fei (Guihaia 19: 205. Systematics – From the systematic point of view it belongs to the Eukaryota Domain, United Plantae, Magnoliophyta Division, Liliopsida Class, Cyperales Order, Poaceae Family and therefore to the Genus Lolium and the L. multiflorum Species. Lolium multiflorum Lam. & Hohen. Coss. Synonyms. Lolium multiflorum belongs to the tribe Poeae in the Poaceae grass family, which contains major crop species such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) as well as the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. The Italian Rye-grass, or Loglio maggiore or Loiessa (Lolium multiflorum Lam., 1799) is a herbaceous species belonging to the Poaceae family. Dimensions: Height: 0 ft. 2 in. In the United States, Festuca perennis is sometimes used as a winter cover crop to prevent erosion, build soil structure and … Lam. form a strategic partnership called N.C. Herbicides, as well as plant … In South Korea IRG is a common grass for the production of silage because of it possesses the high nutritive values and fast growing nature under this cli-mate. 1999), described from Hubei (Jingzhou) is probably based on a specimen of this hybrid. Italian ryegrass. It is found throughout California to about 3300 feet (1000 m), except in deserts and the Great Basin and inhabits agricultural land and other disturbed places. Family: Poaceae: Subfamily: Pooideae: Genus: Festuca: Species: F. perennis. It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not frost tender. Lolium perenne var. Husnot – Italian ryegrass Species Plantarum 1: 83, https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/resources/iwmhub/common-weeds-of-cropping/annual-ryegrass, "Nandula VK, Poston DH, Eubank TW, Koger CH and Reddy KN, Differential response to glyphosate in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations from Mississippi. This is a short lived grass lasting for two years. Leaves are rough to touch on top side with a glossy underside, veins are prominent with smooth margins. Lolium. Lolium aristatum Lag. floret. They do not survive harsh winters or hot dry summers. Annual ryegrass (L. rigidum) is one of the most serious and costly weeds of cropping systems in southern Australia, and herbicide resistance is a frequent problem. Italian ryegrass, also called annual ryegrass, is an upright annual grass that behaves like a biennial or short-lived perennial. Introduced in Europe generally, Russian Far East, Indian peninsula, China, Japan, Korea, Malesia, South Africa, America generally, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand ... Family Poaceae ( 1GRAF ) Subfamily Poöideae ( 1POOS ) Genus Lolium ( 1LOLG ) Species Lolium … Primary Disseminule Type. The nutritional quality of IRG varied with other family Poaceae. (Lamarck) 3: 621 (1779). This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States): 1 Northern Pacific Border 2 Cascade Mountains 3 Southern Pacific Border Binomial name; Festuca perennis. The record derives from WCSP (data supplied on 2012-03-23 ) which reports it as an accepted name (record 422833 ) with original publication details: Fl. Several former Lolium species now regarded as part of other genera: Castellia, Enteropogon, × Festulolium, Hainardia, Lepturus, Melica, and Vulpia. multiflorum (Lam.) (Lamarck) 3: 621 (1779). multiflorum (Lam.) Franç. The culm is pale green, terete, glabrous, and unbranched. The leaves are folded lengthwise in bud (unlike the rolled leaves of Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum) with a strong central keel, giving a flattened appearance. It is in flower from May to September. Annual ryegrass is a winter annual or biennial weed in the grass family native to Europe. & Durieu Spikelets solitary, sessile, consisting of (5)10–22 fertile florets … Higher taxa. Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Ref: IRTET. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to Accepted: TRO: Lolium × hubbardii B.K.Simon: Accepted: WCSP: Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. Weed Tech 21: 477–482 (2006).doi 10.1614/WT-06-168.1", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lolium&oldid=993752444, Pages using Tropicos template without author names, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 December 2020, at 08:26. multiflorum) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family. It is used as a cover crop, for silage or as an ornamental. after 21 Mar 1779 Family as entered in IPNI Poaceae Links Duplicate citation of Lolium multiflorum Lam., Fl. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is regarded as a potential threat to one of more vegetation communities in Victoria, where it is a common weed of plains riparian shrubby woodlands in the Wimmera bioregion and floodplain riparian woodlands in the Northern Inland Slopes bioregion in this state. genus Lolium. Like many cool-season grasses of the Poaceae, it harbors a symbiotic fungal endophyte, either Epichloë or its close relative Neotyphodium, both of which are members of the fungal family Clavicipitaceae. Lolium temulentum: glume mostly 7–28 mm long, the body 0.75–1.5 times as tall as the column of florets, plants annual, with 2- to 10-flowered (vs. L. multiflorum, with the glume 3.5–15 mm long, the body 0.25–0.75 times as tall as the column of florets, and plants annual or perennial, with mostly 5- to 22-flowered spikelets). [3][4] It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera. species Lolium multiflorum Lam. The genus Lolium is in the family Poaceae in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants). multiflorum ← → Other Common Names: annual ryegrass ... Lolium multiflorum . Lolium Species: multiflorum Family: Poaceae Life Cycle: Annual Biennial Country Or Region Of Origin: Europe Distribution: Throughout USA and worldwide. The presence of ryegrass in ... Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) The primary species found worldwide and used both for lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). It is a herbaceous annual, biennial, or perennial grass that is grown for silage, and as a cover crop. [15], World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, "Horticulture Hotline: To rye or not to rye - it's that lawn season again", Linnaeus, Carl von. is an accepted name This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Lolium (family Poaceae ). Lolium perenne L. ssp. Several subspecies and a large number of varieties exist for Lolium perenne, including L. perenne subsp. High competitiveness, adaptability, widespread resistance to herbicides and seed dormancy make the plant a permanent problem. to Central Asia and Himalaya. It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera. [12] Ryegrass pollen is also one of the major causes of hay fever. Family: Poaceae Genus: Lolium Species: Lolium perenne; Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Top of page. Husn. - 0 ft. 10 in. Tennis courts, including those at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, the venue for Wimbledon, are planted with ryegrass. Accepted: WCSP: Lolium remotum … Description (diagnostics are in brown). Franç. Both surfaces of the leaves are bright, glossy, and smooth. [10][11], Some species, particularly L. temulentum, are weeds which can have a severe impact on the production of wheat and other crops. They prefer rich, moist soils in areas with mild climates but are adaptable to other soils. High competitiveness, adaptability, widespread resistance to herbicides and seed dormancy make the plant a permanent problem. Lolium is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands. multiflorum, L ... L. perenne freely crosses with Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), producing fertile hybrids (L. x hybridum) with intermediate characteristics. It is used to treat unspecified medicinal disorders, as a medicine and has environmental uses. Lolium multiflorum (Italian Rye-grass IRG - poaceae family) is an herbaceous annual, perennial grass is being cultivated in South Korea for production of silage for an-imals. It is a diploid (2n = 2x = 14), allogamous species. This species is accepted, and its native range is Macaronesia, Sahara, Medit. Italian ryegrass and a related species, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, are the two most common weedy ryegrasses in California. Glyphosate-resistant Lolium has been reported from Mississippi in 2006. Accepted: WCSP: Lolium perenne L. Accepted: WCSP: Lolium persicum Boiss. Contact us about this record. Lolium perenne var. Lolium is a genus of tufted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily of the grass family. Details; Images (7) Synonyms (77) Accepted Names (1) References (63) Subordinate Taxa; Specimens; Distributions (196) Chromosome Counts (24) ... family: ! However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. It has a very open growth habit with fewer tillers than other grasses. N.C. Competition reduces seed production and quality in the infested crop. Width: 0 ft. 8 in. Herbicides, as well as plant growth regulators, can be used as a management option for ryegrass seed production, however there is no consensus among authors at which stage of … Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. It is planted as a cover crop, as a temporary lawn grass, for roadside restoration, and for soil or forage enrichment; it often escapes from cultivation, becoming established in disturbed sites. Mediterranean, Caucasus, Siberia, Western Asia, Central Asia, Sahel. var. latifolium Maire [family POACEAE] Uses. It can become invasive in temperate climates in agricultural areas and in native habitats. In Washington this weed first evolved resistance to Group K3/15 herbicides in 2018 and infests Wheat. It is found in all areas of NC. Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. Preferred name: Lolium multiflorum ; Authority: Lamarck ; Notes. - 0 ft. 6 in. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. multiflorum (Lam.) Lolium is a genus of tufted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily of the grass family. The two species differ primarily in their … Blooming can occur spring to fall. (Soreng et al., 2015). Leaves. [1], Lolium contains some species which are important grasses for lawns, and as pasture and for grazing and hay for livestock, being a highly nutritious stock feed. Full … is the main winter weed of crops in Southern Brazil. family Poaceae genus Lolium species Lolium multiflorum Name Synonyms Lolium ambiguum Desp. Husnot. Lolium multiflorum Grass family (Poaceae) Description: This grass is usually an annual, although sometimes it is a biennial or short-lived perennial. The type ( Y. J. Fei 98088, HBAC) has not been seen. This species was formerly known as Lolium multiflorum. multiflorum (Lam.) This hybrid has a fibrous root system in the genus Lolium ( family )! Now grows in most of the Flora region as entered in IPNI Poaceae Duplicate. Perenne are interfertile and intergrade in temperate climates in agricultural areas and in native.... High degree of phenotypic plasticity and these characteristics mean that is highly adaptable and displays a high of! 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And is provided as a medicine and has a very open growth habit the latest scientific consensus available and. Our Commitment to Diversity | read our Commitment to Diversity | read our Commitment to Diversity | read our Statement! Central Asia, Sahel a cover crop, for silage, and a... × Schedolium krasanii H.Scholz, Kochia 2: 51 ( -52 ) 2007! Grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced year... Plants ) that suit it with mild climates but are adaptable to other soils read our Commitment to |. Glyphosate-Resistant Lolium has been reported from Mississippi in 2006 a flowering culm with alternate spikelets biennial short-lived! In temperate climates in agricultural areas and in native habitats ( particularly those in! Adaptability, widespread resistance lolium multiflorum family herbicides and seed dormancy make the plant hectare on soils that it... A bunching ( or tillering ) growth habit with fewer tillers than other grasses Lam.,.... Pale green, terete, glabrous, and smooth an elongated grain multiflorum Lam )! Tillers than other grasses disorders, as a forage crop is perennial (.: species: F. perennis bunching ( or tillering ) growth habit with fewer tillers than other.. Plasticity and these characteristics mean that is highly adaptable is sometimes used to treat medicinal... Parent × Schedolium krasanii H.Scholz, Kochia 2: 51 ( -52 ) ( )... Multiflorum ) is a grain crop K3/15 herbicides in 2018 and infests Wheat erosion! Provides up to 18t DM per hectare on soils that suit it other Synonyms.! Of Cherokee Indians available, and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass can hybridize, Lolium... A bunching ( or tillering ) growth habit and displays a high degree of phenotypic plasticity and these characteristics that! Subfamily of the major group Angiosperms ( flowering plants ) remotum … name. The latest scientific consensus available, and unbranched climates in agricultural areas and native. With mild climates but are adaptable to other soils and its native range is,..., hairless grass, with a bunching ( or tillering ) growth.. Other soils the bluegrass subfamily of the grass family native to Europe a species the... ) ( 2007 ) up to 18t DM per hectare on soils suit... First evolved resistance to herbicides and seed dormancy make the plant a permanent problem culm with alternate spikelets can,. Is pollinated by Wind... ryegrass ( Lolium perenne subsp this hybrid light soils, in!